Books will teach you to speak correctly, increase vocabulary

Speech is the ability to make sounds, syllables, sentences using your voice. But not anyhow, but coherent, expressing their own or other people's thoughts. A native or foreign language has written and vocal reproduction of thoughts. When words are spoken in any language - this is speech, having speech skills means being able to speak.

Personal dictionary in my head

How well we are able to express our thoughts: do those around them understand what they want to tell or explain? Are there enough letters and links in your head to build the correct sentence? In other words, how rich is your vocabulary?

There are about 500 thousand roots in Russian, and dozens of words can be formed from each. But only 6 thousand are constantly pronounced in life, 30 thousand - relatively often. Higher education endows a person with a vocabulary of 10 thousand words, erudites know and use up to 50 thousand. And there are 500 of them!

In addition, vocabulary is active and passive. Everything you say and write is an asset. Everything that you read and hear, but do not use is passive. Of course, everyone has a passive vocabulary several times thicker than an active vocabulary, but it will only be useful when new words are learned, understood, used in conversations and writing.

If a person is given a voice at birth, then the ability to speak does not appear immediately. Screaming, crying, gurgling of a newborn is a kind of communication with the world of adults, but not yet an intelligible conversation. Separate syllables at the age of six months are also not a very intelligible conversation, parents understand the child more by facial expressions, gestures, emotions in sounds. But the kid is already collecting his vocabulary-passive.

Stock by age

Are there any norms to understand the level of development of eloquence from childhood to gray hair? Specialists in pedagogy, medicine, culture are constantly studying this issue, at different times the results differ. In the third millennium, there are practically no problems in learning new words - encyclopedias, dictionaries, the Internet are available as never before. And the active vocabulary does not grow, but decreases. To assess this level, averages were determined.

Junior preschool age

Children 6-9 months old babble syllables, repeat individual syllables from the words of adults. At 10 months, the first words, most often nouns, names of objects appear. The child actively develops the vocal apparatus, but confuses syllables, distorts, rearranges sounds.

After a year, the child uses up to 20 words, verbs appear. From a year to two, he begins to build simple sentences, understands the difference between singular and plural, uses case endings, understands the verb tense. He perfectly understands the everyday conversations of adults, but he cannot pronounce everything yet. The vocabulary minimum is 50 words.

By the age of three, having learned not only to listen, but also to touch objects for research purposes, to taste, compare, adjectives appear in the dictionary of a three-year-old baby. This is the most chatty age, kids ask one hundred questions per minute, the vocabulary of this period contains from 250 to 1000 words. In complex sentences, they confuse endings, rearrange prepositions, and come up with new words. Incorrect pronunciation of whistling, hissing, sonors (L, R) is considered normal at this age.

Senior Preschool Age

At 4 years old, the child should pronounce all the sounds correctly. Further, work begins on the sound analysis of words, at the age of 5 he clearly distinguishes between sound, word, sentence. Children of this age use about 2000 words in conversation.

Starting year before school - 3000 words in the personal dictionary of the person going to school. He plays with antonyms and synonyms, uses all parts of speech when communicating. A 6-year-old child knows about 4,000 words, can recite in a monologue, participate in dialogues, knows poetry, songs by heart, can retell, which is very important for the development of vocabulary.

In order for a kid to come to school with a solid vocabulary, you need to make a lot of effort helping to develop his voice communication. It is necessary to talk with the child from the very birth, moreover, not lisping, but correctly pronouncing, correctly building sentences, without touching “lala am-am!”, Which upset the picture of word formation in the baby.

The speaking experience, gained from listening and repetition, should end as unique in first grade. Before that, you need to read fairy tales as often as possible, learn poems, understand the meaning of sayings, proverbs, more often you need to talk and listen to your child. All this will develop memory and tune in to further expand the vocabulary, the child will want to become even smarter. Then he will read it himself.

Adolescence

This period for most children does little to replenish their vocabulary, many begin to have psychological problems, transitional age. Teenagers become isolated, complex, stop communicating, talking. But youth slang, "parasites" are conquering the space of communication. Time will pass, if adults tirelessly helped to overcome age complexes, an erudite may well grow. But the main work with outlook, vocabulary should be independent.

Adult contingent

If in childhood adults had no time to replenish the vocabulary of the baby, with age he cannot avoid problems with communication. But there is a way out - to engage in self-education, read, write, tell the mirror, grow smarter and stop being afraid of talking with colleagues, peers, friends.

Necessary books for the development of speech

TOP 5: For working with children

The first teaching aid for a child will be fairy tales, nursery rhymes. The main thing - be sure to ask to retell what you heard.This will train the vocal apparatus, memory, throw new words into the head. Further, be sure to use special literature. Classics of fiction, popular science, special literature - live and read!

S. Batyaeva, E. Savostyanova. Album for the development of speech for the little ones.

Publisher: ROSMEN. Series: We Speak Correctly. 2018.88 p.

RUB 275-284

Not so much a book as a teaching aid with educational materials and exercises: finger games, pictures to activate the pronunciation of sounds, speech therapy games, exercises for the voice, situational cards and many other useful things that help to speak quickly, cleanly, correctly.

• for the development of talkativeness, attentiveness, even general physical - it helps a lot;
• comments, tips help you study more fruitfully;
• cool articulatory gymnastics.

• paperback, cardboard tears quickly;
• children also “read” it, hard binding is needed, pages are thicker.

L. Smirnova, S. Ovchinnikov, I. Pisareva. The kid starts talking. The development of a child's speech from birth to four years.

M .: AST, Astrel. Series: Popular speech therapy. 2009.176 pp.

349 - 370 rubles.

To teach kids to speak, to do it with pleasure and correctly will help games, and not dull activities, complex tasks that kill any desire to learn. The authors - speech therapist and pediatrician - have collected a lot of simple, useful, interesting educational games. They can also be used by kindergarten teachers, the content complies with the standards of the educational process.

• starting with the diapers, there are exercises for newborns;
• there are new jokes, old ones in all the collections are boring;
• pictures are colorful, pages are dense, written clearly and clearly.

• the main part is for children under two years old, only 45 pages for 2-4 years old;
• it is strange that among the "frequently encountered" are the words perfume, fur coat, and not a table and a chair.

V. Volodin. Album for the development of speech.

Publisher: Rosmen-Press. Series: We Speak Correctly. 2017.96 pp.

RUB 221 - 284

A set of effective exercises and tests for children 3-6 years old. You can evaluate the child's skills, identify mistakes, help with the development of speech using simple exercises.

• must have for children 3-5 years old, they like it;
• calculated for several years;
• competently composed, pictures are large, everything is available.

• want to improve the quality of the paper.

A great speech therapy textbook for the little ones.

Publisher: OLISS, Eksmo. 2007.192 pp.

RUB 488 - 597

A collection of exercises for young preschoolers to help correct pronunciation mistakes. The tasks are simple, age-appropriate - finger games, tongue twisters, speech therapy games.

• from the reviews: they quickly learned to speak the letter "r", the rest of the sounds too, they spent 15 minutes a day;
• the son himself brought this book and demanded classes - a better grade is difficult to find;
• a lot of pictures and poems, finger gymnastics - kids like it.

• exercises are not for the little ones, at 2 years old the child will not master it.

Tatiana Kulikovskaya. Expanding the vocabulary of children 2-4 years old.

Publisher: Olma Media Group. Series: Smart kid. 2012.64 pp.

147-165 rub.

The author, a speech therapist, wrote a manual for parents, with him they will teach the child to speak correctly. Not more than 10 minutes a day is enough to work with the kids to lay the foundation for correct pronunciation. The classes will help children with speech problems. It will be easy to answer the questions with sounds - who is shouting, what is sounding - very accurate detailed tasks.

• a very good textbook for homework, parents are not difficult, children are not bored;
• a mixture of speech therapy with mathematics, writing, poetry - this is a comprehensive development.

• from the reviews: I don't understand for what age: everything seems to be clear, but the child listens with pleasure, but does not want to talk.

TOP-15: For working with silent people

Adults who are embarrassed to talk have problems in communication, career, personal life. They also need help with adaptation. Books can help the taciturn talk. For adults, there are three groups of books that develop oratory skills and increase vocabulary, these are literature:

• artistic;
• specialized, teaching aids, manuals for the development of abilities;
• scientific, popular science: encyclopedias, dictionaries, publications on the development of languages, etymology of words, linguistics and more.

Fiction

This sector of creativity is as clear as possible, enjoyable to read and very useful for enhancing intellectual abilities. Of course, it is better to give preference to the classics.

Lev Tolstoy. War and Peace.

Publisher: Azbuka Atticus. Series: World classics. 2011.1408 p.

120 - 816 rubles.

There is an audio version - 315 rubles.

Sales leader in Russia and the world. Nobody needs to tell the plot, everyone went through Tolstoy's work at school. But hardly anyone read it then slowly, thoughtfully. By rereading it, you will enrich your vocabulary with interesting words, phrases, wise sayings. Classics - salvation from stupidity and stupidity. Reading other works of the great Russian writer, the same "Anna Karenina", will be no less useful.

• ingenious work;
• there are illustrations from the author - an unexpected fact;
• this is the history of Russia, you can study the war of 1812.

• it is not necessary to study this work at school, no one has mastered it, few have understood it, in adulthood it only comes.

F. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment.

Publisher: Azbuka; ABC-Atticus. Series: World classics. 2013. 608 pp.

144 RUB

The subject of justice and violence is very complex. The classic brilliantly describes the tragedy of fate, characters, suffering. The novel makes you think seriously about life values, actions. Who is the “trembling creature” in this world, who “has the right” - should we decide? In Raskolnikov, the moral principle won out. But there is Svidrigailov, whom there is no one to punish except God. The author shows different people, but there is not a single absolute villain, each has something human. Dostoevsky's Christian love for man gives everyone a chance for correction.

• favorite novel, best;
• terrible events, a tragic world, but with what beautiful language it is written.

• not.

M. Bulgakov. Dog's heart.

Publisher: Eksmo, Eksmo LLC. Series: Classics at school. 2014.

93 - 180 rubles.

Electronic version - from 79 rubles, audiobook - from 120 rubles.

The work is studied at school in the 9th grade. But each new reading adds knowledge, makes you see situations, life in general in a new way. Ironically, sometimes evil, the author refers to his new time, revolution, ignorance.

• a continuous quotation book, an imperishable work about human stupidity and genius;
• Bulgakov is an absolutely chic style, an unusual plot, some kind of semi-fantasy.

• not.

I. Turgenev. Noble Nest.

Publisher: Eksmo. 2017. 608 pp.

RUB 106 - 215

Biographers consider the novel to be somewhat autobiographical. The features, plots, stories of the protagonist Fyodor Lavretsky are comparable to the life of the author. The story described in the novel, of course, is about love, which ended in a real tragedy. The plot is twisted no worse than a detective story, but there will be no sharpness and speed there. The life of the small town of O. flows measuredly, there is enough time to think, speculate, and see.

Having fled from his cheating wife from Paris to the family estate, Lavretsky falls in love with his cousin's daughter Liza. After reading in a magazine about the death of his ex-wife, he explains to Lisa and she confesses his feelings to him.But the announcement turned out to be wrong, the unfaithful wife came to Russia. Lisa went to a monastery. Life went on, no happiness happened.

• experience, rationality - everything is vanity, Turgenev is an expert on the human soul;
• light sadness and charm in these stories, very soulful.

• it is difficult to grasp the essence, you are constantly distracted by individual stories.

From foreign classics, works by Remarque, London, Zola will help expand vocabulary. Their works are a great way to improve vocabulary, especially adjectives by Emil Zola.

Be sure to read, recite, learn by heart Shakespeare's sonnets, poems by Pushkin, Lermontov, Akhmatova, Brodsky. With this knowledge, it is easy to feel calm in any company.

Special literature on the development of speech skills

Larry King. How to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.

Publisher: Alpina Publisher. Translated by Evgeny Tsypin. 2018.204 pp.

RUB 200

Electronic version download - 229 rubles; audio - 249 rubles.

The author, a famous American TV presenter, journalist, tells how to learn how to communicate in any company on any topic, while not looking stupid or funny upstart. Real life examples suggest the direction of work on yourself.

The publication is jokingly referred to as a "chatting manual" applicable to any culture on any continent. Here are the secrets of mastery of the best specialist in mastering the minds with the help of the voice.

Natalia Rom. I want to speak beautifully! Technique of speech.

Publisher: ARDIS Studio. Series: Psycho-training sessions. 2007.

Audio version performed by the author - 202 rubles.

Electronic version download - 189 rubles.

Voice is a tool of communication, it can be carried away, bewitched, nailed ... The author teaches to use the voice for his own purposes to the fullest: speak competently, observe the logic of the spoken text, include emotions, expression. These techniques are used by theater and film actors, they will help in everyday life.

The meaning of what has been said will not be understood if the words are pronounced indistinctly, there are no intonations, and there are no emotions in the text. Learning to hold the attention of the audience, to speak strictly, passionately, as required by the setting and the text, will work after mastering the technique from Natalia Rom.

Aristotle. Poetics. Rhetoric.

Publisher: Azbuka-classic. Series: Exclusive classics. Translated by V. Appelroth, N, Platonova. 2018.352 pp.

RUB 131-180

The ancient Greek treatise of Aristotle is relevant at all times. His advice helps you to become an excellent speaker, negotiator. The philosopher has learned the essence of oratory, its possibilities and has been sharing this knowledge with humanity for the third millennium.

Gavin Kennedy. You can agree on everything!

Publisher: Alpina Publisher. Translated by M. Vershovsky. 2020.410 pp.

342 - 613 rubles.

Electronic version download - 379 rubles.

A manual for those who find it difficult to speak in public. Answers to the most pressing questions of the topic - how to remove the anxiety before the speech, keep the audience's attention, and establish eye contact. All this work on oneself is preceded by the preparation of the speech, practicing facial expressions, gestures, the author also talks about this.

Radislav Gandapas. Kamasutra for the speaker.

Publisher: Mann, Ivanov and Ferber. 2011.272 pp.

402 - 678 rubles.

The title is, of course, provocative. But it is interpreted by the author as follows: everything that is done with desire will necessarily be crowned with success. The speaker's contact with the audience is a personal, almost intimate act. It is possible to conquer the listeners only if the speaker takes a masculine position in this communication.

A person who knows how to hold the audience during a speech has certain skills and abilities. The author of the manual reveals the secrets of success in this matter. All positions have long been developed and tested by speakers from antiquity to the present day, here are collected answers to the most problematic questions of the spoken genre.

• a useful selection for novice speakers, especially the spread of authors - Aristotle and his contemporaries, Russian and foreign experts;
• you can independently deal with such consultants;
• I am glad that there are options - audio, electronic versions, paper editions;

• prices change quickly, this subject is in the price, not always in stock.

There are many publications for the development of speech and replenishment of the vocabulary, they are all, in fact, designed to develop and increase. There is also low-quality literature, be careful, choose books for reading, time-tested, recommended by experts and specialists.

Scientific and popular science literature

Smart books are not necessarily treatises full of special terminology. They are written for the curious reader, not for the professors. They help a lot to understand the essence of the subject, enrich the language with new words, memory with new knowledge.

R. Dawkins. The grandest show on Earth.

Publisher: Corpus. Translated by D. Kuzmin. 2012.528 p.

507 -587 rub.

Electronic version download - 299 rubles.

The author is a well-known biologist, rationalist, convinced of the correctness of Darwin's theory. A conversation about evolution, the formation of the world in the form it was, has become, will be. You can read about life forms on Earth, theories, proofs here. He calls a grandiose show exactly the evolutionary processes that change us and the world around us. Even if you do not understand anything in natural sciences and biology, in particular, this work will be understandable, exciting, informative.

D. Arieli. The whole truth is about untruth.

Publisher: Mann, Ivanov and Ferber. Translated by P. Mironov. 2012.288 pp.

Electronic version - read for free.

Research psychologist Dan Ariely argues that there are no people who don't lie. For various reasons: good for salvation, postscript in the report, for ethical reasons, everyone is lying. The work is popular science, contains many interesting stories, scientific experiments that help to understand the motives of deception, the ethics of lies.

This work will help you take a closer look at yourself, evaluate honestly, without pity, without cheating.

S. Hawking. Three books about space and time.

Publisher: Amphora, St. Petersburg. Translated by N. Smorodinskaya, M. Kononov, I. Ivanov. 2015.512 pp.

462 - 699 rubles.

Collected under one cover are three bestselling books by the famous physicist Stephen Hawking. The conversation is about space and time, the origin of the Universe. Of course, there are versions, facts, forecasts for the future. Fascinating stories about time, black holes. You will also learn what the "theory of everything" is here.

Maxim Krongauz. The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown.

Publisher: Corpus. Series: Elements. 2017.512 pp.

RUB 405-597

Electronic version - 249 rubles.

Literacy is falling, vocabulary is decreasing - this is caused by the simplification of communication, the speed of information flow. The figure, which has expanded our capabilities in understanding the world, narrows the sector of speech skills, demeans oratory. Jargon, foreign substitutes, and swearing are replacing beautiful words. The author of the popular science bestseller says about what changes are taking place in the language, mistakes, how to prevent the reduction of personal vocabulary.

Nigel P. Brown. The oddities of our language. Entertaining linguistics.

Publisher: Ripol-Classic. Genre: Journalism. Translation by O. Perfiliev. 2010.272 pp.

175 RUB

The electronic version is downloaded free of charge.

A book for expanding horizons, vocabulary with a linguistic bias. The author examines words borrowed from foreign ones. They often coincide in Russian and English. There are stories about the appearance of words, their meanings, changes. A lot of strange things happen in the world of sounds, it's very interesting, almost detective.

• narrowly focused books cover each topic as much as possible;
• popular, exciting, smart;
• it's great that professionals write about what they themselves know well.

• information in encyclopedias is more versatile;
• well-designed books are expensive.

There are other publications to help development. The main thing is to read as much quality literature as possible, especially the classics, to implement the knowledge gained while communicating with different people.

Instructions for the development of speech in adults

By reading, a person replenishes the passive memory. Only live communication will help to translate all the knowledge gained into an asset. In order to stop being isolated in companies, to become the center of attention, you need to learn to speak freely. Here are some effective tips.

1. Enrich your vocabulary with synonyms. Dictionaries of synonyms will help with this. Any dictionaries will provide invaluable service in this matter.
2. Practice communication. Talk more often with relatives, friends, travel companions about the weather, everyday understandable things. Conversational practice will gradually release the clamp.
3. When preparing for a performance, speak it in front of the mirror, controlling facial expressions and gestures. At first, you will not like yourself very much, correct everything that you do not like, because this, as a rule, prevents the listeners from listening and understanding you.
4. Find a few different words around (posters, newspapers, names of magazines, shops, goods), write them down, and in 2-3 minutes compose a story with their use. Written!
5. Learn to retell what you read. It is interesting to work here with parables that have some kind of allegory between the lines. If you learn to tell what you read in your own words, you will more easily master the art of public speaking.

We read - write - communicate - speak beautifully

These actions are a vicious circle, they are all interdependent, impossible without each other. Learning to speak correctly is impossible without constant reading. We read in order to complete our thesaurus. Writing without good linguistic baggage is also difficult, I mean not Internet correspondence, but writing letters, articles, abstracts. Sometimes a person writes great texts, but cannot meet a new colleague, becoming tongue-tied. It is imperative to translate your passive vocabulary into an asset - to talk, communicate, exchange information. And then read again in order to be always an interesting conversationalist.

You don't have to be a linguist or an actor to speak beautifully, fluently, and intelligently. Quality fiction develops rich speech skills. The main thing is to tell everything you read, to share knowledge with others, training your oratorical skills. And pump these abilities through exercises, trainings. With a large vocabulary, a trained vocal apparatus, you will always find words to maintain a conversation, discuss any topic.